Through Vision 2030, Riyadh is diversifying its economy and diplomacy, mediating deals with rivals via China and investing in Africa. This marks a strategic shift from reliance on a single great power to becoming an assertive, self-interested center of influence.
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Russia’s shadow fleet of hundreds of aging, uninsured tankers is a strategic and environmental hazard. Countering it requires modern “commerce raiding”—using open-source intelligence, lawfare, and sanctions to disrupt maritime trade, not direct military confrontation, to cripple the Kremlin’s war economy.
Experts assess Syria’s contradictory state: external isolation has ended with eased sanctions and renewed diplomacy, yet internally, power is centralized, the country remains divided, and the transition lacks inclusivity, threatening long-term stability and effective reconstruction.
China accommodates Taliban rule through diplomatic exchanges, multilateral inclusion, and targeted economic projects to contain Uyghur militant threats and integrate Afghanistan into its regional security and Belt and Road frameworks, while avoiding overcommitment and preserving legal flexibility.
Iran’s leadership is split between hardline triumphalism and sober reassessment after the war exposed military and intelligence weaknesses. The outcome may push Tehran toward greater militarization, internal repression, or a more securitized nuclear stance.