Gulf air defenses are layered, but their resilience against a large-scale Iranian missile attack is untested and vulnerable to saturation.
Browsing: Vulnerability
Pakistan is pivoting toward the Middle East with defense deals, but is constrained by terrorism, economic fragility, and domestic ideological vulnerability.
India is uniquely vulnerable to Gulf instability, where even limited escalation triggers inflation, shipping shocks, and diaspora anxiety. This structural exposure forces New Delhi into caution and de‑escalation, narrowing its strategic options and making it the first to pay for regional crises.