The SDF lost most territory after Arab fighters defected, forcing it into integration talks with Damascus under U.S. pressure to prevent wider conflict.
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Unresolved tensions risk an ISIS resurgence and a prolonged Kurdish insurgency. Concessions like Kurdish community police, recognizing cultural rights in the constitution, and granting SDF leaders official roles could build trust and integrate Kurds into a unified Syria.
Fighting between Syrian forces and the SDF highlights the failure of U.S. mediation to implement a lasting political and military integration deal. Stalled Israel-Syria talks further show Trump’s diplomacy lacks the detailed process needed to resolve core security disputes.