Iran is trapped in a violent cycle as the rial’s value plummets and inflation soars. With over 500 dead, the Pezeshkian government faces a terminal legitimacy crisis, compounded by President Trump’s threats of military intervention against the regime.
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Sadjadpour outlines five trajectories for Iran, ranging from a Russian-style nationalist strongman to a Chinese-style pragmatic autocracy. He argues that without an organized liberal opposition, the post-Khamenei era will likely be defined by military dominance or grievance-driven illiberal populism.
Tehran is grappling with a “geopolitical winter” as its regional hegemony is structurally erased. From the “Trump Route” in the Caucasus to the collapse of Levant proxies, coordinated external powers are systematically isolating the leadership and blocking its strategic maneuvers.
Tehran is trading its strategic independence for Russian protection, securing a $25 billion nuclear agreement and Su-35 fighters. As UN sanctions return, Russian-led infrastructure projects now serve as “safe zones” intended to physically discourage further bombing of Iranian territory.
Trump’s pursuit of Greenland as “real estate legacy” has shattered the norm of territorial integrity within NATO. While military threats eased at Davos, the crisis forces Europe to abandon asymmetric reliance on Washington and finally activate its own strategic and economic autonomy.
The transition is defined by unprecedented friction, notably the U.S. boycott of the 2025 Johannesburg summit and Trump’s recent move to exclude South Africa from the 2026 Miami summit. As Washington replaces traditional themes with “America First” priorities, the forum’s ability to foster global consensus faces its most severe test since the 2008 financial crisis.
Europe’s trust in the U.S. has shifted from a reliability-based partnership to a necessity-based “diplomatic spectacle.” While Trumpism’s “divide-and-conquer” tactics undermine EU unity, the long-term survival of the European project depends less on American reassurances and more on whether Europeans can finally trust one another to lead.
Brookings experts warn that ousting Maduro is merely the start of a high-friction era. From potential NATO fractures over Greenland threats to emboldening Russia and China, the operation’s legal ambiguity and lack of a “day after” plan risk global instability and long-term debt crises.
The proposed amendments allow religious authorities to govern marriage, inheritance, and custody, potentially lowering the marriage age to nine. Despite intense opposition from “Coalition 188,” the bill’s momentum marks a strategic effort by Islamist parties to solidify sectarian identity and clerical influence over Iraqi civil society.
Iraq must balance its hard-earned stability against renewed ISIS threats and Iranian pressure. As Washington considers its 2026 withdrawal timeline, Baghdad seeks a transition to a bilateral security framework that preserves sovereignty, strengthens national institutions, and reduces economic dependence on Tehran’s energy exports.