Gulf states are shifting from broken guarantees to layered defense, selective hedging, and the limits of a NATO-style alliance.
Browsing: Hedging
Three major Muslim states signed a defence pact in Mecca to balance Israeli power and hedge against uncertain American commitments.
Explore how America and China converge in the MENA region, offering regional powers unique hedging leverage across economic and military domains.
Riyadh balances between Iran, Israel, and the U.S., hedging to protect its economy and regional autonomy.
Gulf states persist with cautious hedging amid Iranian attacks, prioritizing post-war security framework over open military alliance with US-Israel.
Global impact of Iran war: neighbours fear spillover; most hedge, avoid criticizing US. War must end.